http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/feed/? Latest topics Wed, 18 Jun 2008 13:31:52 GMT 10 http://illiweb.com/fa/empty.gif http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/feed/? http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-11-definition-t12.htm TERCUD "Landscape is made of what is visible. It coincides with the interface between the atmosphere, on the one side, and the lithosphere and the hydrosphere, on the other. It is the main component of the biosphere. Every landscape has a finite extent – it stops at the limit of what can be seen. As long as the observer is located on the surface of the Earth and looks horizontally or obliquely around her/himself, the landscape has both hidden and visible parts. When the observer looks from above, ... B1 - The idea of landscape: positive approaches Tue, 17 Jun 2008 13:00:52 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-11-definition-t12.htm#14 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-11-definition-t12.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b5-landscape-policies-f2/b-51-landscape-policies-from-below-t26.htm TERCUD "The shaping of humanized landscapes results first from the many local decisions of land owners and land users concerning agriculture, housing, circulation, social relations. Local authorities are in a good position to influence them. They are responsible for the creation, maintenance and control of public spaces, roads, squares; they are in charge of garbage collection and waste water treatment – or control them; they monitor the quality of air and decide traffic restrictions when the ozone ... B5 - Landscape policies Tue, 17 Jun 2008 14:25:08 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b5-landscape-policies-f2/b-51-landscape-policies-from-below-t26.htm#28 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b5-landscape-policies-f2/b-51-landscape-policies-from-below-t26.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b7-the-lessons-of-landscape-studies-f9/b-70-preamble-t40.htm TERCUD
(This is an excerpt from the text by Professor Paul Claval “THE IDEA OF LANDSCAPE”)]]> B7 - The lessons of landscape studies Wed, 18 Jun 2008 13:31:52 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b7-the-lessons-of-landscape-studies-f9/b-70-preamble-t40.htm#43 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b7-the-lessons-of-landscape-studies-f9/b-70-preamble-t40.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b5-landscape-policies-f2/b-50-preamble-t39.htm TERCUD "Landscapes are humanized realities. Policy makers cannot be indifferent to their form and evolution. They wish to have them settled and exploited, or preserved as testimonies of what nature was like before humanization. Landscapes have an archeological dimension, since a part of the field systems, farms, mansions or castles they offer dates from a more or less distant past and speak about the history of the local and national communities. Landscapes are valued for many reasons: in traditional ... B5 - Landscape policies Wed, 18 Jun 2008 13:31:03 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b5-landscape-policies-f2/b-50-preamble-t39.htm#42 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b5-landscape-policies-f2/b-50-preamble-t39.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b4-landscape-and-identities-f7/b-40-preamble-t38.htm TERCUD
(This is an excerpt from the text by Professor Paul Claval “THE IDEA OF LANDSCAPE”)]]> B4 - Landscape and identities Wed, 18 Jun 2008 13:28:30 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b4-landscape-and-identities-f7/b-40-preamble-t38.htm#41 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b4-landscape-and-identities-f7/b-40-preamble-t38.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/ad-hoc-views-f12/news-and-and-announcements-t37.htm TERCUD Feel welcome to join in! AD HOC VIEWS Tue, 17 Jun 2008 15:43:39 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/ad-hoc-views-f12/news-and-and-announcements-t37.htm#39 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/ad-hoc-views-f12/news-and-and-announcements-t37.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/ad-hoc-views-f12/references-and-reviews-t36.htm TERCUD Welcome to join in! AD HOC VIEWS Tue, 17 Jun 2008 15:39:10 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/ad-hoc-views-f12/references-and-reviews-t36.htm#38 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/ad-hoc-views-f12/references-and-reviews-t36.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/ad-hoc-views-f12/comments-and-suggestions-t35.htm TERCUD Feel welcome to join in! AD HOC VIEWS Tue, 17 Jun 2008 15:38:23 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/ad-hoc-views-f12/comments-and-suggestions-t35.htm#37 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/ad-hoc-views-f12/comments-and-suggestions-t35.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/editorial-messages-f11/message-by-paul-claval-editor-emeritus-t34.htm TERCUD The 23rd Session of the PECSRL - Permanent European Conference for the Study of the Rural Landscape will reflect on "Landscapes, Identities and Development", in Lisbon and Obidos, 1st-5th September 2008. In order to give more depth to the discussions during the Conference, Professor Zoran Roca asked me to open an internet Forum for debating the problems of landscapes, identities and sustainable development before the Conference. The theme chosen for the Conference suggests three main lines ... EDITORIAL MESSAGES Tue, 17 Jun 2008 15:32:53 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/editorial-messages-f11/message-by-paul-claval-editor-emeritus-t34.htm#36 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/editorial-messages-f11/message-by-paul-claval-editor-emeritus-t34.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/editorial-messages-f11/message-by-zoran-roca-manager-editor-t33.htm TERCUD Welcome to the Identerra Forum* on landscapes, identities and sustainable development, envisaged to promote online discussion on the topics of the 23rd Session PECSRL - The Permanent European Conference for the Study of the Rural Landscape, entitled LANDSCAPES, IDENTITIES AND DEVELOPMENT, Lisbon and Óbidos, Portugal, 1st – 5th September 2008. Professor Paul CLAVAL, such a highly distinguished scholar, has accepted my invitation to be the first Emeritus Editor of the Identerra Forum. This ... EDITORIAL MESSAGES Tue, 17 Jun 2008 15:30:25 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/editorial-messages-f11/message-by-zoran-roca-manager-editor-t33.htm#35 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/editorial-messages-f11/message-by-zoran-roca-manager-editor-t33.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/references-f10/references-t32.htm TERCUD Anderson, Benedict, 1983, Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, London, Verso. Bachelard, Gaston, 1948, La Terre et les rêveries du repos, Paris, José Corti. Bachelard, Gaston, 1957, La Poétique de l’espace, Paris, PUF. Berque, Augustin, 1995, Les Raisons du paysage. De la Chine antique aux environnements de synthèse, Paris, Hazan. Bonnemaison, Joël, 1981, "Voyage autour du territoire", L’Espace géographique, vol. 10, n° 4, p. 249-262. Bonnemaison, ... References Tue, 17 Jun 2008 15:09:02 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/references-f10/references-t32.htm#34 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/references-f10/references-t32.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b7-the-lessons-of-landscape-studies-f9/b-71-the-study-of-rural-landscapes-t31.htm TERCUD "(i) Rural landscapes attracted much attention from the beginning. The main features of many of them resulted from policies developed by central governments. They imposed geometric grid patterns in order to facilitate settlement in undeveloped areas, to distribute their lands in an efficient way to farmers, and to build an efficient system for levying land taxes. The best examples were provided by the early Chinese or Japanese geometric systems of land division, the Roman cadastration, the American ... B7 - The lessons of landscape studies Tue, 17 Jun 2008 15:01:37 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b7-the-lessons-of-landscape-studies-f9/b-71-the-study-of-rural-landscapes-t31.htm#33 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b7-the-lessons-of-landscape-studies-f9/b-71-the-study-of-rural-landscapes-t31.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b7-the-lessons-of-landscape-studies-f9/b-72-the-study-of-non-rural-landscapes-t30.htm TERCUD "What happens in the suburban or rurban areas is an example of one of the deep trends of contemporary attitudes concerning landscapes: the social demand relative to them is diversifying. For long, the two main functions they had to perform for human beings was to participate in the productive process and to provide space for housing and social activities. Today, there are groups which struggle for the restoration of «true» nature: any human presence (except for a few natural scientists) and ... B7 - The lessons of landscape studies Tue, 17 Jun 2008 15:00:43 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b7-the-lessons-of-landscape-studies-f9/b-72-the-study-of-non-rural-landscapes-t30.htm#32 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b7-the-lessons-of-landscape-studies-f9/b-72-the-study-of-non-rural-landscapes-t30.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b7-the-lessons-of-landscape-studies-f9/b-73-landscapes-as-overall-social-units-t29.htm TERCUD "As shown by Kenneth Olwig fifteen years ago, the term landscape – or its earlier forms, landskip for instance – where coined and used before the revolution in painting brought about by the rediscovery of perspective and the birth of landscape as a genre of painting (Olwig, 1996). In some areas, especially along the North Sea shores, in Schlewsig-Holstein for instance, landskips were coastal settlements chararterized by specific environments – coast line, sand, moors – and a high consciousness ... B7 - The lessons of landscape studies Tue, 17 Jun 2008 14:59:59 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b7-the-lessons-of-landscape-studies-f9/b-73-landscapes-as-overall-social-units-t29.htm#31 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b7-the-lessons-of-landscape-studies-f9/b-73-landscapes-as-overall-social-units-t29.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b6-landscape-changes-in-the-contemporary-world-f8/b-61-the-universal-availability-of-concentrated-forms-of-energy-t28.htm TERCUD "We are living a time when landscapes are going through deep and rapid transformations. The first set of changes results from the possibility to mobilize concentrated forms of energy everywhere. It is a consequence of the increasing use of oil and electric power, which can be transported more easily and at a lower cost than wood or coal. The universal availability of concentrated forms of power was conducive to the mechanization of an increasing part of human labour: agriculture, domestic liife ... B6 - Landscape changes in the contemporary World Tue, 17 Jun 2008 14:29:14 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b6-landscape-changes-in-the-contemporary-world-f8/b-61-the-universal-availability-of-concentrated-forms-of-energy-t28.htm#30 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b6-landscape-changes-in-the-contemporary-world-f8/b-61-the-universal-availability-of-concentrated-forms-of-energy-t28.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b6-landscape-changes-in-the-contemporary-world-f8/b-62-the-increasing-mobility-of-persons-goods-and-information-t27.htm TERCUD "The availability of concentrated forms of energy allowed the generalized use of cars – or public transportation – for daily or weekly trips or journeys. As a consequence, the scale of local communities changes: parishes had to be consolidated in most modern countries so as to cope with the enlarged circles in which life is structured. The local regulation of landscape management is deeply disturbed by this evolution. The increasing human mobility has had an important impact on land demand: ... B6 - Landscape changes in the contemporary World Tue, 17 Jun 2008 14:28:26 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b6-landscape-changes-in-the-contemporary-world-f8/b-62-the-increasing-mobility-of-persons-goods-and-information-t27.htm#29 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b6-landscape-changes-in-the-contemporary-world-f8/b-62-the-increasing-mobility-of-persons-goods-and-information-t27.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b5-landscape-policies-f2/b-52-glocalization-and-new-forms-of-landscape-policies-t25.htm TERCUD "The hierarchical exercise of power was linked to the way information was transferred as long as traditional technologies dominated: to link two points on Earth, the only solution was to move up along a hierarchy of centres of information treatment and transfer, until the point where a similar descending chain opened the possibility to reach the correspondent. This meant that the quantity and quality of information people received was all the better the higher they were placed in the communication ... B5 - Landscape policies Tue, 17 Jun 2008 14:24:20 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b5-landscape-policies-f2/b-52-glocalization-and-new-forms-of-landscape-policies-t25.htm#27 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b5-landscape-policies-f2/b-52-glocalization-and-new-forms-of-landscape-policies-t25.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b4-landscape-and-identities-f7/b-41-the-role-of-familiar-landscapes-t24.htm TERCUD "When living in a place, the forms of hills, the vegetation of slopes, the pattern of fields, the lace that hedges and walls draw in the countryside, the colour of roofs, the stones, bricks or wood they are built of, the breadth of streets, their shops, their animation, constitute the background in front of which human roles are performed. All these elements participate in the general atmosphere, and give it its pecularities, perfume and originality. People cannot imagine their lives out of a ... B4 - Landscape and identities Tue, 17 Jun 2008 14:16:26 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b4-landscape-and-identities-f7/b-41-the-role-of-familiar-landscapes-t24.htm#26 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b4-landscape-and-identities-f7/b-41-the-role-of-familiar-landscapes-t24.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b4-landscape-and-identities-f7/b-42-landscapes-national-memory-and-the-national-character-t23.htm TERCUD "The feeling of identity that landscapes create is not only linked with the familiarity people have with the environments of their daily life and the way they are built. It results also from forms of memory encapsulated in specific elements: the tombs and cemeteries which speak of the ancestors who were born and died there; the churches, mosques, stupas which remind of the faith shared by the population; the monuments built in the glory of the revered God (or gods), the memory of local heroes. ... B4 - Landscape and identities Tue, 17 Jun 2008 14:14:22 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b4-landscape-and-identities-f7/b-42-landscapes-national-memory-and-the-national-character-t23.htm#25 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b4-landscape-and-identities-f7/b-42-landscapes-national-memory-and-the-national-character-t23.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b4-landscape-and-identities-f7/b-43-multicultural-societies-landscape-and-the-building-of-identities-t22.htm TERCUD "The Swiss mountains offered another advantage: they are peopled by groups speaking German, French, Italian and Romanche, the four main languages of the country; a part of the mountaineers are Roman Catholic, another one Protestant. The image of the mountain could be shared by all the communities and provided a means to unite them into a nation. Most developed societies have become multicultural for the last half century because of international migrations and the flow of political refugees. ... B4 - Landscape and identities Tue, 17 Jun 2008 14:13:24 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b4-landscape-and-identities-f7/b-43-multicultural-societies-landscape-and-the-building-of-identities-t22.htm#24 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b4-landscape-and-identities-f7/b-43-multicultural-societies-landscape-and-the-building-of-identities-t22.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b3-landscapes-as-mental-constructions-f6/b-31-the-perception-of-landscapes-t21.htm TERCUD "One of the main results of landscapes studies during the last fifty years has been a new interest in the way the mind transforms them into images and concepts. The landscape is first an external reality, which is perceived through seeing, listening or smelling. The landscape is divided into elements according to categories which are social constructs: ponds, lakes, brooks, rivers; forests, woods, groves, hedges, meadows, fields, orchards, vineyards, etc.; lots, fences, walls, etc.; cottages, ... B3 - Landscapes as mental constructions Tue, 17 Jun 2008 13:39:51 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b3-landscapes-as-mental-constructions-f6/b-31-the-perception-of-landscapes-t21.htm#23 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b3-landscapes-as-mental-constructions-f6/b-31-the-perception-of-landscapes-t21.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b3-landscapes-as-mental-constructions-f6/b-32-landscapes-and-individual-or-social-strategies-t20.htm TERCUD "The people who look at a given landscape do not react in the same way to its appearance and features. They analyze it, distinguish different elements and develop ideas about their possible uses. For an urban dweller, a rural lanscape is a surface of green colours during Spring and Summer, of yellow, gold and red in Autumn, of brown, grey, black – or white, if there is snow – during Winter time: it offers possibilities for walking, practicing different sports, relaxing. For a farmer, the ... B3 - Landscapes as mental constructions Tue, 17 Jun 2008 13:37:19 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b3-landscapes-as-mental-constructions-f6/b-32-landscapes-and-individual-or-social-strategies-t20.htm#22 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b3-landscapes-as-mental-constructions-f6/b-32-landscapes-and-individual-or-social-strategies-t20.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b3-landscapes-as-mental-constructions-f6/b-33-the-interpretation-of-landscapes-the-role-of-images-t19.htm TERCUD "Besides the diversity of sensitive and intellectual frameworks which allow one to seize the external reality and organize it mentally, landscapes may also be interpreted by comparison with imagined realities, which initiate new readings of the sensible world and give indications on the ways material setting may be transformed, improved and redrawn. The models of landscape people build in their minds differ according to cultures: (i) In most traditional societies, people saw their environment ... B3 - Landscapes as mental constructions Tue, 17 Jun 2008 13:20:47 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b3-landscapes-as-mental-constructions-f6/b-33-the-interpretation-of-landscapes-the-role-of-images-t19.htm#21 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b3-landscapes-as-mental-constructions-f6/b-33-the-interpretation-of-landscapes-the-role-of-images-t19.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b3-landscapes-as-mental-constructions-f6/b-34-values-and-the-dynamics-of-landscapes-t18.htm TERCUD "Mental landscapes are loaded with values: religious, aesthetic, but also moral or national. These values play a significant role in the dynamics of landscapes. The religious reading of landscapes has important consequences. It is often conducive to the opposition between profane and sacred areas. In the sacred areas, everything has to be respected, since its presence results from the action of supranatural beings or transcendental forces. Hence the total preservation of nature in sacred areas: ... B3 - Landscapes as mental constructions Tue, 17 Jun 2008 13:13:04 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b3-landscapes-as-mental-constructions-f6/b-34-values-and-the-dynamics-of-landscapes-t18.htm#20 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b3-landscapes-as-mental-constructions-f6/b-34-values-and-the-dynamics-of-landscapes-t18.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-21-the-mobile-components-of-landscapes-t17.htm TERCUD "In a landscape, there are immobile elements which do not change in a measurable way at the scale of human time – rocks, for instance. Other elements are mobile and circulate. (i) For some of them, the main component of movements is vertical. The nutrients are moving up from the soil to the leaves, and the organic matter that results from photosynthesis moves down to the trunk and roots. This is true of all ecological systems, whether natural or cultivated. In other cases, the circulation ... B2 - Landscape and circulation: scale problems Tue, 17 Jun 2008 13:09:46 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-21-the-mobile-components-of-landscapes-t17.htm#19 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-21-the-mobile-components-of-landscapes-t17.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-22-penetrating-space-through-glance-t16.htm TERCUD "Besides material or information flows, people have to take account of sight: here, it is limited, as in a dense forest (Pourtier, 1989); there, it appears unlimited, as in a temperate prairie or a tropical savana. It is cut off by the obstacles that agricultural or building activities mutliply in humanized landscapes." (This is an excerpt from the text by Professor Paul Claval “THE IDEA OF LANDSCAPE”) B2 - Landscape and circulation: scale problems Tue, 17 Jun 2008 13:08:42 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-22-penetrating-space-through-glance-t16.htm#18 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-22-penetrating-space-through-glance-t16.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-23-problems-of-scale-in-landscdape-analysis-t15.htm TERCUD "As a result, the analysis of landscapes raises problems of scale: many flows take place between the elementary areas of a given landscdape; others cross the boundary between the landscape seen from here, and the landscapes which surround it. This is as true of the ecological as of the social realm. It means that a part of what happens in a given area is linked to, and often caused by, what exists elsewhere: ecosystems are parts of geosystems; social local systems (parishes) are parts of larger ... B2 - Landscape and circulation: scale problems Tue, 17 Jun 2008 13:07:49 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-23-problems-of-scale-in-landscdape-analysis-t15.htm#17 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-23-problems-of-scale-in-landscdape-analysis-t15.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-24-flows-and-externalities-t14.htm TERCUD "The existence of this multiplicity of flows creates many problems: in the natural field, there are zones where polluted water concentrate, leeward zones with acid rains, areas with inversion of temperatures during anticyclonic situations, etc.; in the social field, there are conflicts fueled by the negative externalities generated by many land uses (cattle devastating the nearby fields in rural areas; nuisance linked to noise and unpleasant smell in urban areas). A part of these positive ... B2 - Landscape and circulation: scale problems Tue, 17 Jun 2008 13:06:34 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-24-flows-and-externalities-t14.htm#16 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-24-flows-and-externalities-t14.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-25-scale-effects-and-landscape-management-t13.htm TERCUD "Scale effects have other consequences: a part at least of the decisions which deal with a given landscape unit are taken by people who do not live in it, or by people whose choices are conditioned by external centres of power or influence (markets in the economic field; regional or capital cities in the political one; religious capital cities or pilgrimages in the religious field). The contemporary evolution of pollutions leads to similar consequences. Humankind now confronts global unbalances: ... B2 - Landscape and circulation: scale problems Tue, 17 Jun 2008 13:05:21 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-25-scale-effects-and-landscape-management-t13.htm#15 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b2-landscape-and-circulation-scale-problems-f5/b-25-scale-effects-and-landscape-management-t13.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-12-landscape-as-an-ecological-reality-t11.htm TERCUD "The landscape is an ecological reality: between the plants and animals of the biosphere, on one side, and the sun, the atmosphere, and the rocky and liquid components of their environment, on the other, there are constant flows of energy and matter. These flows are conducive to states of balance: stable ones, as in the case of a climax vegetation ; dynamic ones more frequently. The system they form is able to recycle or stock the matter and energy which results from its functioning: it is ... B1 - The idea of landscape: positive approaches Tue, 17 Jun 2008 12:59:58 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-12-landscape-as-an-ecological-reality-t11.htm#13 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-12-landscape-as-an-ecological-reality-t11.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-13-landscape-as-human-reality-t10.htm TERCUD "The landscape is a human reality – social, economic, political, cultural – since it is the home of human populations: a home which produces at least a part of their food, and provides spaces for their dwellings, places for their meetings and roads for their journeys. Men use the air, water, flora and fauna offered by their environment in order to meet their needs; they work, develop sets of social relations, isolate themselves or meet each other, exchange goods and information. They transform ... B1 - The idea of landscape: positive approaches Tue, 17 Jun 2008 12:58:48 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-13-landscape-as-human-reality-t10.htm#12 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-13-landscape-as-human-reality-t10.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-14-landscape-as-a-juridical-reality-t9.htm TERCUD "The landscape is a juridical reality: individual or collective actors involved in social life have land rights: rights of production (whether individual or collective), rights of consumption, rights of using public spaces for moving from one point to the other or meeting other people." (This is an excerpt from the text by Professor Paul Claval “THE IDEA OF LANDSCAPE”) B1 - The idea of landscape: positive approaches Tue, 17 Jun 2008 12:55:20 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-14-landscape-as-a-juridical-reality-t9.htm#10 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-14-landscape-as-a-juridical-reality-t9.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-15-landscape-as-a-document-or-a-text-t8.htm TERCUD "Since it is a visible reality, a landscape can be read and interpreted by human beings as a document, as a text (Ducan, 1990). For men, they are forces and beings which give a sense to cosmos, the universe, nature, society and the existence of everyone. Landscape is the source of many feelings and experiences: corporal, religious, aesthetic. It contributes to the building of individual or collective identities." (This is an excerpt from the text by Professor Paul Claval “THE IDEA OF LANDSCAPE”) B1 - The idea of landscape: positive approaches Tue, 17 Jun 2008 12:54:39 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-15-landscape-as-a-document-or-a-text-t8.htm#9 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-15-landscape-as-a-document-or-a-text-t8.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-16-landscape-as-an-arena-t7.htm TERCUD
(This is an excerpt from the text by Professor Paul Claval “THE IDEA OF LANDSCAPE”)]]> B1 - The idea of landscape: positive approaches Tue, 17 Jun 2008 12:53:06 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-16-landscape-as-an-arena-t7.htm#8 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/b1-the-idea-of-landscape-positive-approaches-f4/b-16-landscape-as-an-arena-t7.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a1-new-social-political-environmental-and-landscape-problems-t6.htm TERCUD "The growing consumption of energy has injured or destroyed the resilience of local, regional and global ecosystems. The emergence of a global environmental unbalance involves the search for another type of development : sustainable development. Traditional local identities suffered from the transformation of local vernacular cultures into more or less global mass cultures : people have lost the intuitive knowledge they had of their home landscape and the way it had to be managed. A more ... Text A - NEW STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING LANDSCAPES AND STRENGTHENING IDENTITIES AS TOOLS FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT by Paul Claval Mon, 16 Jun 2008 19:02:57 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a1-new-social-political-environmental-and-landscape-problems-t6.htm#7 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a1-new-social-political-environmental-and-landscape-problems-t6.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a2-the-need-of-multiscalar-policies-for-sustainable-development-t5.htm TERCUD "In order to meet challenges, multiscalar policies are required. We need a global impulsion in order to determine the limits to respect in the global use of energy, the emission of green house gases or the use of chloric gases which destroy the ozone layer. Large scale policies have to be launched in order to struggle against acid rains and extensive zones of aerial pollution, or avoid the pollution of coastal waters and inland seas. Nation states have to enact the laws and regulations ... Text A - NEW STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING LANDSCAPES AND STRENGTHENING IDENTITIES AS TOOLS FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT by Paul Claval Mon, 16 Jun 2008 19:01:55 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a2-the-need-of-multiscalar-policies-for-sustainable-development-t5.htm#6 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a2-the-need-of-multiscalar-policies-for-sustainable-development-t5.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a3-the-inadaptation-of-existing-political-structures-t4.htm TERCUD "The existing political structures do not match the necessities of sustainable growth, The decisions which have to be taken at the global or large scale levels are not supported by strong political structures. They have to be negociated between many participants. Their application relies on the good will of States, which are the only institutions with the capacity for enforcing laws if needs be. A similar situation exists for local State decision – since Local State is often a multi-layered ... Text A - NEW STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING LANDSCAPES AND STRENGTHENING IDENTITIES AS TOOLS FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT by Paul Claval Mon, 16 Jun 2008 18:56:56 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a3-the-inadaptation-of-existing-political-structures-t4.htm#5 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a3-the-inadaptation-of-existing-political-structures-t4.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a4-a-wider-set-of-political-participants-t3.htm TERCUD "Most decisions have effects on different scales. When dealing with the problems they create, political action involves a plurality of actors : political ones (as international or supra-national institutions, national or locale states) and other decision makers (persons, enterprises, associations, political parties, local groups). Administrators and politicians have ceased to enjoy a better information than most of the other participants : because of the new facilities of communication, many ... Text A - NEW STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING LANDSCAPES AND STRENGTHENING IDENTITIES AS TOOLS FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT by Paul Claval Mon, 16 Jun 2008 18:39:27 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a4-a-wider-set-of-political-participants-t3.htm#4 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a4-a-wider-set-of-political-participants-t3.htm http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a5-landscapes-identities-and-political-consciousness-yesterday-and-today-t2.htm TERCUD "Kenneth Olwig has shown how the strong identities of many traditional communities was based on the perception of the landscape (or landskip) as a fundamental natural and social unit (Olwig, 1996). The local communities of coastal Schlewsig-Holstein, for instance, were proud at the same time of their environment, of the way they inhabit and exploit it, and of the rules they had chosen to manage it. Geographical mobility was already important in the upper classes at the time of the Renaissance, ... Text A - NEW STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING LANDSCAPES AND STRENGTHENING IDENTITIES AS TOOLS FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT by Paul Claval Mon, 16 Jun 2008 18:36:55 GMT http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a5-landscapes-identities-and-political-consciousness-yesterday-and-today-t2.htm#3 http://identerraforum.darkbb.com/text-a-new-strategies-for-managing-landscapes-and-strengthening-identities-as-tools-for-a-sustainable-development-by-paul-claval-f3/a5-landscapes-identities-and-political-consciousness-yesterday-and-today-t2.htm